Real Estate Valuation in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a professional process in which an authorized appraiser determines the market value of a property. Valuation is important in many situations, such as buying, selling, refinancing, inheritance, insurance, or court proceedings. Given the specifics of the real estate market in Bosnia and. . . R e a d . . .

  In low-rise construction, earthworks are very extensive. In high-rise construction, earthworks can be mainly divided into excavations, excavations, and embankments. The execution of individual types of earthworks differs according to the type of earth material (different types of materials require different types of tools and machines for execution). We. . . R e a d . . .

  Modular dimension blocks are blocks that match modular coordination in all dimensions (normal format bricks NF cannot be integrated into a modular system) The dimensions of these blocks can be 1M, 1.5M, 2M, 3M, 4M, which equals 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 cm. Although the blocks have these markings,. . . R e a d . . .

  Beams with hollow concrete blocks are semi-assembled ceilings. They consist of bearing beams that have reinforcement and non-bearing beams that serve as filling. A mesh reinforcement is placed over them and a compressed plate is concreted, which connects all the beams into a whole. The advantage of these ceilings. . . R e a d . . .

Condominium registration of real estate / house / building / structure is a legal procedure that enables the division of a larger property, such as a residential building, into separate units – condominium units. Each condominium unit becomes an independent legal unit, and the owners of these units acquire ownership. . . R e a d . . .

The border state of cracks limits the width of cracks. As in reinforced concrete, the concrete in tension has cracked, all tensile stresses from internal forces are taken over by the reinforcement. The cause of cracking of concrete, in addition to loading, can also be stress caused by heat of. . . R e a d . . .

  “YTONG” OR WHITE CEILING  Ceiling construction named “self-supporting lightweight concrete wall ceiling”. It consists of reinforced concrete beams with R reinforcement, lightweight concrete ceiling block – Ytong, reinforced concrete brackets for executing transverse ribs, and thin-layer mortar. The thickness of the ceiling is 15 cm for spans up to. . . R e a d . . .

  In order to locate temporary objects and communication on the construction site, it is necessary to determine the exact position on the ground of the object being built. The professional geodetic service surveys the object, i.e. marks the footprint of the object on the ground through its characteristic points,. . . R e a d . . .

  A roof covering made of flat metal sheets can be installed on any and even the most complicated roof shape, on domes and towers. Metal roofs are very durable, quickly and easily draining rainwater. They conduct heat well, so condensate appears on the underside of the metal sheet due. . . R e a d . . .

According to density, hardened concrete is divided into the following: ordinary concrete → ρ = 2000 – 2800 kg/m3 lightweight concrete → ρ < 2000 kg/m3 heavy concrete → ρ > 2800 kg/m3 The density of individual types of concrete depends mainly on the density of the aggregate, i.e. the. . . R e a d . . .

  “OMNIA” It is used in the execution of inter-story structures of multi-apartment buildings. The slabs are lifted by a crane to the place of installation. The lattice reinforcement used for the production of fert beams is also applied for the production of omnia assembly slabs. The slab structure consists. . . R e a d . . .

Settlement of the foundation soil under the load of a building can be uniform or non-uniform. Uniform settlement can cause problems only with large amounts of settlement and that of an operational nature, in a way that it leads to the sinking of entrance doors, changes in drainage slope, and. . . R e a d . . .

Conceptual Design Project represents the first, but very significant step in the process of designing and implementing any construction facility, infrastructure system, or engineering endeavor. This project does not contain details of construction execution, but it provides a clear and precise picture of the basic characteristics of the future facility.. . . R e a d . . .

  Windows and doors are openings in walls that are left during construction. Above the opening, we must install a lintel. The wall below the window is called the parapet, and the lower part of the door opening is the threshold. The approach is used for easier installation of windows. . . R e a d . . .

Permanent loads are those that are likely to act on the structure throughout its lifetime or have a change in intensity, but these changes are negligible compared to the average value. Permanent actions include: self-weight, fixed equipment (additional permanent), soil pressure, water pressure, prestressing, settlement of supports, deformations due to. . . R e a d . . .

Steels used in reinforced concrete structures differ in shape, composition, and production method, as well as mechanical and technical properties. For reinforcing concrete structures, steels are used under the name of concrete steel or steel for reinforcement (it is also common to use just reinforcement). According to the apparent shape,. . . R e a d . . .

  Windows and doors are openings in walls that are left during the construction process. Above the opening, we must install a lintel. The wall below the window is called a parapet, and the lower part of the door opening is the threshold. The apron serves to make it easier. . . R e a d . . .

  The exterior wall must be load-bearing, it must take its own load and the loads of other building elements above it, as well as horizontal forces, and transfer them to the foundations and foundation soil. Load-bearing exterior walls must be connected into one static-constructive system together with internal load-bearing. . . R e a d . . .

  Masonry walls made of masonry elements (walls) are significantly more sensitive to vertical and horizontal loads than monolithic walls. The stability of masonry walls is achieved by: – constructing rigid walls constructing reinforced concrete ring beams constructing rigid floor (interfloor) structures   HORIZONTAL RING BEAMS are reinforced concrete monolithic. . . R e a d . . .

  In the past, wooden staircases were used as the main staircases in multi-storey buildings. Today, due to fire protection, such wooden staircases are no longer used as main staircases, but only where there is no risk of fire, only for one floor. Wooden staircases are usually interior staircases in. . . R e a d . . .

Main project of a house, weekend house, building, facility is a key document in the construction process of any residential or residential-commercial facility. While the conceptual design is only an initial sketch and general idea, the main project represents a detailed plan that elaborates all technical, construction and functional aspects. . . R e a d . . .