In addition to adhering to calculation rules, it is necessary to pay special attention to the development of details of the concrete structure when designing concrete structures. Apart from concrete installation, special attention should be paid to the rules for developing details that enable proper placement of reinforcement, shaping of. . . R e a d . . .

  The floor construction depends on the choice of floor covering. The choice of floor covering depends on technical requirements and aesthetic-design components. From a technical point of view, the floor must be: resistant to wear and tear sufficiently strong to withstand surface pressure sufficiently warm capable of sound insulation. . . R e a d . . .

Expert assessment in the field of construction is a professional process in which a licensed expert analyzes the technical, legal, and other aspects of a construction project or object to provide an independent expert assessment. Expert assessments are often required in legal proceedings, disputes between investors and contractors, and in. . . R e a d . . .

In reinforced concrete structures, cracks in the concrete can often not be avoided. In addition to the aforementioned causes of concrete cracking, stresses caused by forced deformations that occur during settlement of bearings and rotation of support points, and deformations of connection elements due to linear temperature differences, can also. . . R e a d . . .

  Brick walls are built so that the bricks are stacked according to certain rules in horizontal layers and are connected to each other with mortar. There are several types of mortar that we use for building: Lime mortar is the weakest in terms of strength and resistance. It is. . . R e a d . . .

Real Estate Valuation in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a professional process in which an authorized appraiser determines the market value of a property. Valuation is important in many situations, such as buying, selling, refinancing, inheritance, insurance, or court proceedings. Given the specifics of the real estate market in Bosnia and. . . R e a d . . .

  In low-rise construction, earthworks are very extensive. In high-rise construction, earthworks can be mainly divided into excavations, excavations, and embankments. The execution of individual types of earthworks differs according to the type of earth material (different types of materials require different types of tools and machines for execution). We. . . R e a d . . .

  Modular dimension blocks are blocks that match modular coordination in all dimensions (normal format bricks NF cannot be integrated into a modular system) The dimensions of these blocks can be 1M, 1.5M, 2M, 3M, 4M, which equals 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 cm. Although the blocks have these markings,. . . R e a d . . .

  Beams with hollow concrete blocks are semi-assembled ceilings. They consist of bearing beams that have reinforcement and non-bearing beams that serve as filling. A mesh reinforcement is placed over them and a compressed plate is concreted, which connects all the beams into a whole. The advantage of these ceilings. . . R e a d . . .

Condominium registration of real estate / house / building / structure is a legal procedure that enables the division of a larger property, such as a residential building, into separate units – condominium units. Each condominium unit becomes an independent legal unit, and the owners of these units acquire ownership. . . R e a d . . .

The border state of cracks limits the width of cracks. As in reinforced concrete, the concrete in tension has cracked, all tensile stresses from internal forces are taken over by the reinforcement. The cause of cracking of concrete, in addition to loading, can also be stress caused by heat of. . . R e a d . . .

  “YTONG” OR WHITE CEILING  Ceiling construction named “self-supporting lightweight concrete wall ceiling”. It consists of reinforced concrete beams with R reinforcement, lightweight concrete ceiling block – Ytong, reinforced concrete brackets for executing transverse ribs, and thin-layer mortar. The thickness of the ceiling is 15 cm for spans up to. . . R e a d . . .

  In order to locate temporary objects and communication on the construction site, it is necessary to determine the exact position on the ground of the object being built. The professional geodetic service surveys the object, i.e. marks the footprint of the object on the ground through its characteristic points,. . . R e a d . . .

  A roof covering made of flat metal sheets can be installed on any and even the most complicated roof shape, on domes and towers. Metal roofs are very durable, quickly and easily draining rainwater. They conduct heat well, so condensate appears on the underside of the metal sheet due. . . R e a d . . .

According to density, hardened concrete is divided into the following: ordinary concrete → ρ = 2000 – 2800 kg/m3 lightweight concrete → ρ < 2000 kg/m3 heavy concrete → ρ > 2800 kg/m3 The density of individual types of concrete depends mainly on the density of the aggregate, i.e. the. . . R e a d . . .

  “OMNIA” It is used in the execution of inter-story structures of multi-apartment buildings. The slabs are lifted by a crane to the place of installation. The lattice reinforcement used for the production of fert beams is also applied for the production of omnia assembly slabs. The slab structure consists. . . R e a d . . .

Settlement of the foundation soil under the load of a building can be uniform or non-uniform. Uniform settlement can cause problems only with large amounts of settlement and that of an operational nature, in a way that it leads to the sinking of entrance doors, changes in drainage slope, and. . . R e a d . . .

Conceptual Design Project represents the first, but very significant step in the process of designing and implementing any construction facility, infrastructure system, or engineering endeavor. This project does not contain details of construction execution, but it provides a clear and precise picture of the basic characteristics of the future facility.. . . R e a d . . .

  Windows and doors are openings in walls that are left during construction. Above the opening, we must install a lintel. The wall below the window is called the parapet, and the lower part of the door opening is the threshold. The approach is used for easier installation of windows. . . R e a d . . .

Permanent loads are those that are likely to act on the structure throughout its lifetime or have a change in intensity, but these changes are negligible compared to the average value. Permanent actions include: self-weight, fixed equipment (additional permanent), soil pressure, water pressure, prestressing, settlement of supports, deformations due to. . . R e a d . . .

Steels used in reinforced concrete structures differ in shape, composition, and production method, as well as mechanical and technical properties. For reinforcing concrete structures, steels are used under the name of concrete steel or steel for reinforcement (it is also common to use just reinforcement). According to the apparent shape,. . . R e a d . . .

  Windows and doors are openings in walls that are left during the construction process. Above the opening, we must install a lintel. The wall below the window is called a parapet, and the lower part of the door opening is the threshold. The apron serves to make it easier. . . R e a d . . .

  The exterior wall must be load-bearing, it must take its own load and the loads of other building elements above it, as well as horizontal forces, and transfer them to the foundations and foundation soil. Load-bearing exterior walls must be connected into one static-constructive system together with internal load-bearing. . . R e a d . . .

  Masonry walls made of masonry elements (walls) are significantly more sensitive to vertical and horizontal loads than monolithic walls. The stability of masonry walls is achieved by: – constructing rigid walls constructing reinforced concrete ring beams constructing rigid floor (interfloor) structures   HORIZONTAL RING BEAMS are reinforced concrete monolithic. . . R e a d . . .

  In the past, wooden staircases were used as the main staircases in multi-storey buildings. Today, due to fire protection, such wooden staircases are no longer used as main staircases, but only where there is no risk of fire, only for one floor. Wooden staircases are usually interior staircases in. . . R e a d . . .

Main project of a house, weekend house, building, facility is a key document in the construction process of any residential or residential-commercial facility. While the conceptual design is only an initial sketch and general idea, the main project represents a detailed plan that elaborates all technical, construction and functional aspects. . . R e a d . . .

  One of the first activities on the site where the building will be constructed, carried out before the site is established, is soil testing. Two types of data are important for the foundation soil: mechanical soil characteristics and stratigraphy (depth of layer appearance and groundwater) geostatic analyses from which. . . R e a d . . .

  Concrete is a mixture of aggregate, binder, and water. The binder is cement, and the aggregate can vary (mineral and organic).   When classified by density, concrete is divided into the following groups: heavy concrete (densities 3 000 – 5 000 kg/m3) normal concrete (densities 2 200 – 2 400 kg/m3) light concrete. . . R e a d . . .

  Foundation works is the phase that technologically follows after preparatory and earthworks. FOUNDATIONS are the lowest construction part of the building in direct contact with the ground, and they carry the entire load of the building and transfer it to the foundation soil. Foundations are designed according to the. . . R e a d . . .

  Constructive systems are methods of arranging constructive elements that achieve load bearing and transfer as well as stability. In relation to the method of load transfer we distinguish the following constructive systems:   1, full bearing wall system (the wall system takes the load of ceiling structures and movable. . . R e a d . . .

  Flexible, rectangular bitumen shingle plates are used for covering roofs. The sizes are 100×34 cm with three longitudinal cuts up to half the plate. The upper half is coated with bitumen adhesive. The base consists of glass wool plates impregnated on both sides with bitumen. The upper side is. . . R e a d . . .

“A”       BRICK LAYER CONCRETE LAYER MINERAL WOOL PLASTER RABITZ – PLASTER   “B”    MASONRY BRICK MASONRY BRICK TILE FORMWORK TILE COVERING STONE WOOL MINERAL WOOL AIR LAYER WOODEN GRILL OR METAL SUPPORTS PLASTER GYPSUM BOARD PANELS MULTI-STOREY CONCRETE WALL CONCRETE LIGHT CONCRETE MINERAL WOOL AIR LAYER THERMAL INSULATION – HERAKLIT. . . R e a d . . .

Site supervision is a crucial part of every construction project, as it ensures that all works are carried out in accordance with the planned design, applicable laws and technical standards. Without adequate supervision, construction can encounter numerous problems that can lead to delays, increased costs, and even serious safety risks.. . . R e a d . . .

  Buildings are the main and most numerous high‑rise structures, which is why this type of construction technique is often also called building construction , but there are also such structures that are not, e.g., monuments, tribunes, towers and ordinary structures whose rooms are not important characteristics as they are. . . R e a d . . .

  Above the window and door openings, lintels must be installed that take the loads of the walls and ceilings above the lintels. We distinguish several types of lintels:   1_MONOLITHIC LINTELS reinforced concrete lintels are made on site, at the construction site in formwork. The formwork consists of vertical. . . R e a d . . .