The roof structure is one of the most important elements of every building. Its basic function is to protect the object from atmospheric influences such as rain, snow, wind, and solar radiation. In addition, the roof has a key role in the energy efficiency of the object, as a significant part of the heat can be lost through the roof.
In this detailed guide, we will cover everything you need to know about roof structures – from basic types, materials, and dimensioning, to prices in KM and practical tips for execution.
Basic function of roof structure
The roof structure has several key functions:
- Protection from precipitation
- Protection from wind and snow
- Thermal insulation
- Aesthetic function
A well-executed roof extends the lifespan of the entire object.
Types of roof structures
Pitched roof
The most common type of roof in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Dual-pitch roof
- Four-pitch roof
- Multipitch roof
Advantages:
- Good water drainage
- Long lifespan
Flat roof
Used in modern objects.
- Minimal slope
- Hydroinsulation is key
Wooden roof structure
The most commonly used system in house construction.
- Rafters
- Beams
- Purlins
Price of wooden structure:
- 80 – 150 KM/m²
Metal structure
Used for industrial objects.
- High load capacity
- Fast assembly
Price: 120 – 200 KM/m²
Roofing materials
Tiles
- Price: 20 – 40 KM/m²
Metal roof
- Price: 25 – 60 KM/m²
Bitumen shingles
- Price: 15 – 30 KM/m²
Thermal insulation of roof
Insulation of the roof is key to energy efficiency.
- Stone wool: 20 – 30 cm
- Price: 30 – 70 KM/m²
Hydroinsulation of roof
Prevents water penetration.
- Films
- Bitumen membranes
Price: 10 – 25 KM/m²
Loads on roof
The roof must withstand:
- Snow
- Wind
- Its own weight
Most common mistakes
- Poor roof slope
- Insufficient ventilation
- Poor hydroinsulation
Total cost of roof (150 m²)
- Structure: 12,000 – 20,000 KM
- Roofing material: 4,000 – 8,000 KM
- Insulation: 3,000 – 6,000 KM
- Work: 3,000 – 7,000 KM
Total: 22,000 – 41,000 KM
Tips for execution
- Use quality wood
- Ventilation is mandatory
- Do not save on insulation
Conclusion
The roof structure is one of the most important elements of a house. With proper design and execution, it is possible to achieve a long lifespan, energy efficiency, and maximum protection of the object.